Types of industrial silencers and how to choose the right one

Noise-induced effects pose significant concerns for individuals employed in the industrial sector and not only.

Numerous manufacturing facilities look to adopt industrial silencers with a view to mitigate risks through acoustic attenuation. The final goal is to safeguard the surrounding from the harmful consequences of loud machinery and noisy production areas. 

Industrial silencers find application in managing noise levels associated with diverse industrial processes. However, the selection of a silencer that fits perfectly your needs is anything but an easy task.

Silencer manufacturers may offer many possibilities, and for this reason, an expert guide is necessary to accurately evaluate the technical needs of your plants and so make the right choice.

 

First things to take into account

While selecting industrial silencers, it is essential to consider three main factors: physical specifications, performance specifications, and mounting attachments.

  • By physical specifications, we refer to the size of the inlet and outlet, which can differ from round, circular, or oval-shaped cross sections to square or rectangular shapes.
  • Performance specifications include noise attenuation, maximum pressure rating, and maximum flow rating.
  • Mounting attachments may include male threads, female threads, flanges, and pipe clamps.

 

Main applications of Industrial Silencers

Industrial silencers have a wide range of applications. Most silencers available on the market are purpose-built to diminish noise produced by specific industrial pieces of equipment, like engines, air or gas compressors, vacuum pumps, or turbines.

Major categories of silencers according to their common application field:

  • Vent/Blowdown Silencer: these silencers are designed for rapid exhaust or venting applications, commonly known as “blow off” silencers.
  • Compressor Silencer: usually tailor-made for air or gas compressors to minimize noise generated during their operation.
  • Blower/Fan Silencer: designed specifically for the intake or outlet of fans or blowers. These silencers may incorporate features like air filters and other enhancements.
  • Pressure Relief Valve Silencer: developed for use with backpressure or pressure relief valves to attenuate noise associated with relief blow-offs.
  • Turbine Silencer: intended for noise reduction at the inlet and/or outlet ports of turbines, typically applied to gas turbines.
  • Vacuum Pump Silencer: specifically designed to reduce noise at the inlet and/or outlet of vacuum pumps.
  • Engine Silencer: utilized to reduce noise from industrial engines. Both inlet and outlet silencers can be used.
  • Chimney Silencer: designed to mitigate noise from combustion exhaust systems, commonly found in industrial boilers, ovens, and furnaces.

 

The design features every Silencer should follow

When selecting an industrial silencer, it is essential to carefully consider various technical features to ensure that the equipment aligns perfectly with your plant’s requirements.

  • Acoustic features: the silencer should consistently deliver the desired level of sound power reduction across different frequency ranges; this quality is measured by Dynamic Insertion Loss (DIL). It is important to note that the acoustical performance of a silencer can be influenced by factors like temperature, gas characteristics, system configuration, and physical layout of the operating environment.
  • Geometrical features: the silencer needs to be appropriately sized and shaped to fit within the available space.
  • Mechanical features: the silencer should require minimal maintenance and provide high efficiency over extended periods. Additionally, its design should incorporate durable materials capable of withstanding elevated temperatures and potentially corrosive gasses.
  • Aerodynamic features: airflow passing through the silencer will cause a pressure loss, which can impact its acoustic performance. Therefore, the design should take into account the dynamics of airflow.
  • Economic features: it is crucial to consider the overall cost-effectiveness of the silencer, taking into account factors such as initial investment, operational efficiency, and maintenance requirements.

 

Types of Silencers by Stopson Italiana

Stopson Italiana’s Industrial Silencers are designed to handle both cold and hot gasses.

Our Silencers are of absorptive type for exhaust systems of engines or small boilers and incorporate reactive properties as well. Additionally, they have a combination of absorptive and reactive features for venting systems.

Our Silencers are available in circular or rectangular shapes and can be used in atmospheric or pressurized conditions with various gasses, temperature ranges, and applications. They can provide sound attenuation of up to 70 dB, effectively reducing residual noise to a sustainable level.

Our offering mainly includes:

  • Vent Silencers, which are engineered to minimize the noise generated by exhaust piping that release pressurized gaseous fluids such as air, vapor, natural gas, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and more into the atmosphere.
  • Engine Exhaust Silencers, which are conceived to be used on diesel and gas engines, as well as on industrial low/middle power gas turbines.
  • Intake & Stack Silencers, which reduce noise emissions in air filtration systems, inlet ducts, ventilation systems, by-pass stacks and exhaust ducts.
  • Ventilation & Duck Silencers, designed to reduce noise level through the duct generated by any sound source, such as fans, conditioning units, etc.
  • In-line Silencers, pressurized equipment which are built to reduce the noise generated by valves or compressors.

⟶ To Discover more about the range of Silencers offered by Stopson Italiana click HERE.

 

Anechoic and Hemi-Anechoic Chambers: application context, design, and main benefits

The increasing demand for machinery and components with certified sound levels has led many companies to recognize the importance of having a controlled sound environment for conducting measurements. 

Nevertheless, traditional masonry rooms are not always cost-effective or flexible enough to meet these specific industrial requirements. 

Therefore, alternative solutions are being considered to better adapt to installation development and provide flexibility.

 

Typical applications of Anechoic and Hemi-anechoic Chambers

Anechoic chambers are targeted for various industries that require precise acoustic testing and analysis. Industries that commonly employ anechoic and hemi-anechoic chambers include:

  • Companies producing noise-generating devices or pieces of equipment. For instance, they are extensively used in the automotive sector for testing vehicle components, such as engines, exhaust systems, and vehicle interiors, to assess their noise levels, vibration characteristics, and acoustic performances. As a matter of fact, any vehicle manufacturer should perform a rigorous testing to ensure compliance with national planning standards before releasing a new model into a market.
  • Companies producing noise control products and testing facilities, as well as any organization responsible for ensuring that their services meet requirements, thereby establishing tightly regulated acoustic environments.

Designing Anechoic and Hemi-anechoic Chambers

Creating an insulated test environment is essential in the first place for precise noise analysis. 

Chambers can be either of an anechoic chamber or hemi-anechoic design pattern. What is the main difference?

  • Anechoic chambers are designed with sound-absorbent materials on all six sides, effectively eliminating external noise and controlling frequency cut-off. 
  • Hemi-anechoic chambers, on the other hand, have a solid floor with anechoic wedges on five sides, allowing examination of how noise interacts with real-world surfaces.

Anechoic and hemi-anechoic chambers are typically tailored to specific testing needs and frequency requirements, often aligned with ISO standards. 

The size of these chambers is primarily dictated by the equipment under test. Their sizes can range from extremely large ones used for instance in the case of automotive testing, to very small chambers, employed to test more compact devices.

 

Main benefits of Anechoic and Hemi-anechoic Chambers

As stated earlier, these chambers are instrumental to facilitate the development and testing of any noise-generating products

Another example of an industrial sector that has been significantly affected is the aerospace industry.  These chambers are particularly used in the fields of research and development to test aircraft engines, jet noise reduction technologies, aircraft interiors, and other aerospace components for noise emissions and acoustic characteristics.

In short, they give significant assistance in identifying unexpected noises and vibration issues that may arise during operations. For instance, many types of industrial machinery can be tested in a hemi-anechoic chamber to assess their vibration properties.

However, benefits are not just limited to sound isolation.

Anechoic and Hemi-anechoic chambers also provide total protection against electromagnetic interference, such as radio waves, which could disrupt the product or sensitive measuring instruments.

More importantly, unlike any other soundproofing chambers, which attenuate noise levels to around 10-20 dBA, Anechoic and Hemi-anechoic chambers can be designed to achieve even lower levels, reaching as little as -20 dBA if required.

 

Anechoic and Hemi-anechoic Chambers by Stopson Italiana

Stopson Italiana offers a range of prefabricated Anechoic or Hemi-anechoic Chambers that are internally treated with standard wedges, according to the lowest operating frequency. Our products are tailored for professional testing in various fields.

Our case history includes the implementation of a hemi-anechoic chamber for acoustic testing in a Home Appliances Plant, in Pordenone, Italy. The chamber in question was provided with a modular construction for easy dismantling and built with non-combustible sound absorbing materials.

Stopson Italiana’s anechoic chambers can also be optionally equipped with a control room. Such a setup provides working areas with sufficiently low sound pressure levels, limited reverberation, and ensures accurate acoustic performance.

Our anechoic chambers typically have a cut-off frequency of 125Hz and can be equipped with various features depending on their intended use. These features may include suitable interior lighting, exhaust gas extraction systems, independent ventilation and cooling systems, air-conditioned aspiration/exhaust, easy access to tested devices, safety glass for visual inspection during testing, and long-lasting soundproofing materials.

To Discover more Test Facilities Solutions offered by Stopson Italiana click HERE.

The science behind industrial soundproofing: main principles

Soundproofing approaches are critical measures to prevent harmful sound waves from permeating within industrial setting. However, choosing the appropriate strategies depends on different types of noise, essential factors to be considered while designing a safe and efficient industrial workspace.

In this regard, diving into the physics of sound and the relative methods to abate noise levels in industrial settings can be beneficial while selecting the most suitable solution for specific noise-related exigencies.

 

Types of noise and relative approaches

The noise industrial facility managers and industrial engineers should be concerned about can be divided into three main categories, depending on the means of transmittance: airborne noise, solid-born noise, and impact noise. Each of them requires a tailored approach to mitigation.

Airborne noise is primarily caused to the vibration of the air. More specifically, it refers to sound waves travelling through the air. In this case, the reduction strategy should be drawn on the application of materials that absorb the aforesaid sound waves, such as acoustic panels and soundproofing curtains. These are commonly known as “heat-insulating materials”, since they minimize the noise that is transmitted through the air by literally converting the sound energy into heat energy.

Solid-borne noise, on the other hand, is primarily due to the impact of solids or solid vibrations. The reduction strategy here must take into account the fact that the sound permeates walls, floors, and ceilings with ease. Accordingly, the application of specific vibration isolations materials, such as rubber mats or spring, will be required to absorb or isolate the vibration prior to being transmitted through the structure.

Impact noise, lastly, is produced by physical impacts, including footsteps and machinery vibrations. Similarly to what occurs in solid-borne noise circumstances, the best noise eradication execution can be achieved here by applying materials that absorb impact, such as thick carpets or rubber mats.

It should be also noted that sound permeation is strictly tied tomass law”: the effectiveness of a wall or plate’s soundproofing performance largely depends on how much mass it has in relation to its area. When it comes to selecting sound insulation materials, the higher the mass, the more difficult it is to make it vibrate. Opting for a dense and heavy material is hence, in most of the cases, the best option.

The effectiveness of soundproofing approaches can still vary depending on the frequency and intensity of the noise. Ultimately, a combination of soundproofing materials and techniques may be recommended to effectively reduce noise level and attain sound transmission loss.

 

The importance of partnering with a specialized soundproofing company

Relying on industrial noise control manufacturer may be game-changing to identify the best materials and techniques to soundproof your industrial setting and fulfill noise mitigation challenges.

Stopson Italiana, which counts on a proven reference list of partners from a variety of industries, certifies an extensive knowledge in providing industrial noise control solution on a global level.

Following an initial consultation path, a team of experts will provide support to identify the source of noise and its type, select the most appropriate soundproofing materials according to its properties, and eventually deliver the solutions that best fit your case. Stopson Italiana offers acoustic panels, sound barriers and vibration isolation materials among them.

 

We officially announce the birth of Stopson Türkiye

Stopson Italiana merge forces with two Turkish leaders of manufacturing to give birth to Stopson Türkiye, its first foreign entity.

 

The partnership

The project brings together three companies that were already part of a well-established partnership since 2016: Stopson Italiana, Modcon Makina, and Prodinox Metal.

Stopson Italiana has been pioneering the acoustic sector for more than 50 years designing and manufacturing Silencers and soundproofing solutions, as well as providing engineering support for the energy and industrial market.

Modcon Makina is a young manufacturing organization offering high-quality service packages for industrial facilities, which leverages cutting-edge technology and extensive production know-how with a special focus on carbon steel products.

Prodinox Metal is a company specialized in stainless steel manufacturing, also providing architectural and engineering of facade systems using different technical procedures, primarily focused on leading customers of different sectors such as construction, power, oil, gas, defence and chemicals industries.

 

The Turkish soundproofing sector

Türkiye’s industrial sector is currently witnessing a rapid growth, especially as regards manufacturing, construction, and energy production.

It is also observed a recent increase of the awareness among Turkish businesses about the essentiality of acoustic insulation to make industrial environments safer, enhance productivity, and decrease noise-related damages.

Against this backdrop, there is an expanding demand for soundproofing solutions designed to tackle noise pollution, also driven by the stricter regulations backed by the Turkish government.

 

The new company

Stopson Türkiye will therefore benefit from the extensive experience of each of the three players. This collaboration is expected to be a win-win situation for the companies involved with a view toward providing customers with products and services of greater quality and reliability.

Thanks to this partnership, Stopson Italiana’s will introduce its products to the Turkish market. At the same time, the new company will be an option for manufacturing acoustics and related components for Stopson Italiana’s customers at a global level.

We can now proudly combine our different know-hows and join forces into a single, stronger entity to meet all the customer needs.

How to effectively soundproof an industrial HVAC system: some key principles

An examination of the structural factors to take into account in order to tackle HVAC-related noise pollution in industrial facilities.

Industrial HVAC systems play an instrumental part to provide heating, cooling and ventilation to a wide range of facilities such as chemical processing plants, manufacturing facilities, power generation plants and water treatment plants.

They are normally larger and more complex than residential HVAC systems, which makes them also statistically at higher risk of becoming noisy spot.

As a matter of fact, these installations are inclined to produce loud sounds at the damage of the surroundings. It is therefore clear that all the facilities hosting these machines should need to adopt, willy-nilly, a soundproofing strategy in case the hearing comfort of the operating individuals is put in jeopardy.

The initial step of the approach implies the determination of the area where the HVAC systems is installed. Being placed outdoor means, for instance, be arranged for a specific solution over another.

Moreover, as anyone would expect, the location of the HVAC device determines the type of the HVAC equipment. For instance, components such as chillers, fans, cooling towers, and pumps fall within the outdoor HVAC equipment. On the other hand, components such as ducts, junctions, diffusers, and cooling coils are likely to be found inside facilities.

HVAC-related noise control can be engineered by employing two distinct classes of materials: absorptive ones, which naturally absorb sounds, reduce reflections from surfaces and decrease reverberation within spaces, and sound partitions or barriers, which reduce sound transmission between adjacent spaces through non-porous textures, generally recognized as good reflectors of sound.

Reducing noise transmission from outdoor machines requires, firstly, an accurate mapping process of noise propagation. Ventilation of buildings, enclosures and equipment rooms should be meticolously evaluated. Structural factors should be already considered when selecting HVAC equipment and while designing air distribution systems to minimize the noise. The overall design requires, a careful assessment of all the limitations of space, selection of fan, and aerodynamic pressure drops. The final objective is to eradicate the noise created by the flow of air or gas while simultaneously maintaining the flow itself and keeping the pressure drop minimal.

Three main cutting-edge soundproofing technologies provided by Stopson Italiana are suitable to HVAC systems: Acoustic Louvers, Intake Silencers and Acoustic Enclosures. These are indeed durable and easy-to-operate solutions to be integrated as noise control measures into the system design. A series of Silencers specifically designed for HVAC are a perfect fit for applications requiring maximum insertion loss (noise reduction), low static pressure drop, low maintenance, and quick delivery. They can be incorporated into the ventilation system and paired with the machine to fully soundproof it towards all directions.

Explore our news about Industrial Silencer applied to HVAC system to deep dive into the topic.

Stopson Italiana provided EI180 Soundproofing Doors for F1 Test Cells

Stopson Italiana’s case study

Throughout the course of the last two years, Stopson Italiana has concluded the installation of 4 Double Acoustic and Fire-resistant Doors with a single hinged to the benefit of the F1 racing department in Maranello, Modena, Italy.

The 1st door has been delivered in August 2021, the 2nd, and the 3rd door in August 2022, while the 4th in December 2022.

The 4 doors guarantee an EI 180 of classified fire insulation rate and provide a complete sound attenuation as well.

The equipment is composed of external and internal doors.

The former, not exposed to fire, include a casing realized by bended steel plate, closed with a metal sheet on external side and with perforated sheet on the hot side. They have a size of approx. 2400X1800X120 (height*width*thickness).

The latter, directly exposed to fire, have a size of 2300X1500X80 (height*width*thickness).

The Doors are equipped with an insulating core, composed of two layers of thickness rock wool, and with a floating metal sheet placed between the first and the second layers.

Stopson Italiana already partnered to provide a complete soundproofing solution for the same F1 engines test cells in 2004. The recent supply confirms our extraordinary customers return rate as a proof of performance, reliability and definitely leadership in the market.

Stopson Italiana’s soundproofing offering includes internal and external doors for commercial buildings and studios. Stopson Italiana’s fire-resistant and sound attenuation solutions are designed to comply with all the construction regulations according to essential quality, performance, and reliability criteria.

Stopson Italiana wishes you and your team a Merry Christmas and a festive holiday season

Our 2022: as we look back in the year that is about to end, we are very proud to have consolidated our role as one of the global industry leaders.

Our in-depth knowledge of the best soundproofing patterns and engineering practices has allowed us to put a continuous effort to advance products’ performance.

Thanks to our large portfolio of dozens of projects and installations successfully accomplished, we have been able again to confirm our international engagement: also this year, several plants have relied on us to reduce or eliminate noise pollution inside their production setting.

 

What we expect from 2023: as we look ahead to the coming year, we’re committed to keep innovating to better serve our customers and provide the most reliable soundproofing products and services possible.

We would like to express our gratitude to our customers, communities, partners and other stakeholders for their partnership and support throughout the year.

Best wishes for a Merry Christmas and a “Soundproofed” New Year!

Noise reduction in Pulp Mills and Paper Facilities

Tackling noise attenuation in Pulp Mills: major concepts and challenges

Paper and pulp facilities ordinarily make great use of noisy equipment that is likely to turn into a noise source. In such cases, they need accurate and effective soundproofing strategies.

The major sources in question are mostly vacuum pump exhausts, which are involved in many processes such as machine room ventilation. Nevertheless, a many industry-related processes – including raw material preparation, pulp bleaching, paper manufacturing, and fiber recycling – can be acknowledged as additional causes of high noise pollution in pulp mills.

Potential solutions for noise abatement in Pulp Mills: how can harmful sound be eradicated

The noise control target defines the scope and costs of the soundproofing performances. First of all, costs can immediately be saved (or simply reduced) whether the selected noise control design starts at the early stage of a project.

Secondly, we can achieve results in terms of noise abatement during a further stage which implies deploying absorptive silencers, resonators or enclosures, depending on the noise level requirements.

Active Noise Control (ANC) is another potentially efficient technology for reducing noise in pulp mills, especially at lower frequencies. In ANC action, noise is canceled by sensors and actuators employing ElectroMechanical Film Technology (EMFi), performing as an active element; as a matter of fact, achieving noise reduction at lower frequency making use of passive solutions might be a challenging.

Our offering for Paper and Pulp Mill applications

Stopson Italiana can count on a wide range of products that can represent and ideal solution for Paper Mill applications as well, including Air Filtration, Duct Silencer, Acoustic Enclosures and Barriers, Steam Vent Silencers.

Specifically, our Vent Silencers are thought to reduce the noise level of exhaust piping to the atmosphere for pressurized gaseous fluids, such as air, vapor, natural gas, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc. They can be installed downstream any device acting as a link between a container of pressurized gaseous fluid and the atmosphere. The Vent Silencer can also provide high or low back pressure relief for the system ensuring proper operation.

Vent Silencers can be reactive, absorptive or combined, depending on applications and required attenuation, which can reach as much as 75 dB(A).

Moreover, Stopson Italiana’s Blow-Off Silencers are currently available for rental in three models that cover the entire range of flow rates:

  • SPM 20-70/B: 20-70 t/h capacity range, from 1.2 bar inlet pressure;
  • SPM 70-120/B: 70-120 t/h capacity range, from 5 bar inlet pressure;
  • SPM 120-250/B: 120-250 t/h capacity range, from 8 bar inlet pressure.

See more about our Silencers here.

The transition towards Advanced Materials in the industrial soundproofing market: a review

Introduction

In our first article devoted to the topic, we have introduced the theme of the current shift towards the integration of green, sustainable, and advanced materials that might produce some future applications in the soundproofing global backdrop. 

Strengthened by new research, data, and insights, we continue to bring about an in-depth analysis over the transitional phenomena by showcasing some further solutions that have been studied and proposed throughout some of the latest academic contributions.

The purpose of these experimental investigations was to explore the Sound Absorption and Attenuation potential of products and architectures employing alternative materials, which have been already proved to be a valid substitute to traditional solutions.

 

1. Sound-absorbing Boards made of maize stem

Ramshankar et. al (2021) have developed a research project that studied soundproofing board made from maize stem. This can already be regarded as a beneficial component in those industries where the need to overcome serious noise pollution is regularly encountered, since these structural elements could significantly give a support to eradicate harmful sounds and so reproduce a better working enviroment as well.

The study lies also on the assumption that many of the soundproofing solutions currently available in the market are not so cost-effective. The usage of soundproofing panels based on agro-waste can represent a better solution in such terms too.

Basing their empirical methodology on the Impendance Test, Ramshankar et. al (2021) have drawn the conclusion that, as for maize stalk, the thickness has a very irrelevant influence if we compare it with other natural fibers. At the same time, by comparing different sound absorption co-efficients, it has been observed that maize stalk performs better than several other materials.

However, the most precious insight is that agro-waste panels does not cause any damage to environment, and, additionally, cost of production are also very restricted when compared with other products. Overall, maize stalk as a soundproofing solution succeeds in achieving three main lenses in a all-in-one: cost-efficiency, sustainability, performance.

 

2. Metamaterials with an eye to naval soundproofing

Metamaterials are made-from-scratch solutions that reach electromagnetic properties which are not normally part of natural elements. D’amore et. al (2022) have investigated a “metasolution” – as it was called in the study – having the potential to replace traditionally adopted solutions especially regarding marine applications. Noise attenuation techniques intended to soundproof marine and naval equipment are indeed becoming an essential asset to ensure the comfort levels required by the standards on board ships. 

As highlighted by D’amore et. al (2022), acoustic metamaterials “are engineered to control, direct, and manipulate sound waves, by transmitting, trapping, and amplifying the sound waves at certain frequencies. This outcome is usually achieved by the periodic repetition in space of an elementary primitive cell, carefully optimized in its topology and geometry”.

Panels made of metamaterials have suitable features, sufficient to be a valid sustainable solution on board ships, especially as an alternative to traditional mineral wool products. This type of solution could pave the way for the slow but unavoidable substitution of traditional solutions for vibration and noise control in other configurations in marine soundproofing.

 

Conclusion

Stopson Italiana is further growing its awareness of the environmental impact caused by conventional methodologies. It is noted how research and academic studies are largely contributing to powering the transition towards Sustainable Materials by offering plenty of insights. 

It is demonstrated that Advanced and Eco-friendly Materials are already an indispensable resource with a view to better manage not only the complexities of soundproofing execution, but also to make the industry more outcome-centric due to their profitability. Technicians and surface specialist are therefore expected to embrace this knowledge and exploit the opportunities offered by the newest solutions.

The transition towards Sustainable Materials in industrial soundproofing market: a review

Introduction

As it is occurring in many other industries, the soundproofing global ecosystem is witnessing a shift towards biodegradable materials. Manufacturers are expected to integrate green and sustainable materials with traditional ones while designing their industrial noise control units. It is in fact necessary to bring into line with the ongoing sustainability trends and those requirements set out according to the needs of the present time.

Yet, for a long time now researchers had discovered that natural materials can be effectively used in the construction of sound absorbing architectures with a view to erase noise pollution inside facilities.

However, apart from being required to protect the environmental quality overall, it seems that natural materials can be as effective as conventional solutions.

 

Preferred Materials: current scenario

As stated by a recent FMI’s study on the state of health of the soundproofing global market polymers and composites still remain the highly preferred materials for the manufacturing of sound proofers. Polymers and composite materials are acknowledged to have higher soundproofing properties as compared to other materials such as glass, metal, and fabric.

Anyhow, the recent developments in composite materials have provided them with the assets of biodegradability and recyclability, which has automatically led to higher sales too. The study estimates that in 2018 alone over 4 out of 10 industrial noise control units made of polymer amd composites have been sold.

 

Green and Eco-friendly industrial materials

The acoustical natural solutions are still turning more and more into a valid alternative to traditional synthetic applications, as there is much higher effort in developing sustainable absorbers, either from biomass or recycled materials.

In 2021, AcouTech Lab in Tallinn University of Technology delineated a underlying premise: in order to express the noise attenuation potential and achieve the best results in terms of performance, the absorbers’ design should be based on materials with open pores structure, the pores should have small size, and the core material should have high elasticity, while the thickness of the material should be large enough to offer a reasonable attenuation at lower frequencies.

As for conventional materials, absorbers’ performance largely depends on their fibers and structure of pores as well. Cotton fibers have as many noise absorption properties as rock wool and fiberglass do, which are usually employed to realize conventional absorbers. Cotton’s porosity allows it to receive and then contain the sound energy with ease, and plus makes the material compactable, so that designers can form it into thick sheets that ensnare and disperse sound.

 

Conclusion

Against the current backdrop, soundproofing companies should employ cotton-based materials while developing their products, especially with an eye to reduce echoes and reverberations.

There is a concrete opportunity to launch green product lines including sound proofers such as wall and acoustic panels, baffles and HVAC acoustic liners mostly made from recycled cotton or recycled synthetic fibers.